Terima kasih.

2. When you see the “Welcome To Setup” screen, you will see the
options below This portion of the Setup program prepares Microsoft
Windows XP to run on your computer:

To setup Windows XP now, press ENTER.

To repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console, press R.

To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.

3. Press Enter to start the Windows Setup.

do not choose “To repair a Windows XP installation using the
Recovery Console, press  R”, (you do not want to load Recovery
Console). I repeat, do not choose “To repair a Windows XP
installation using the Recovery Console, press  R”.

4. Accept the License Agreement and Windows will search for existing
Windows installations.

5. Select the XP installation you want to repair from the list and
press R to start the repair. If Repair is not one of the options,
read  this Warning!!

6. Setup will copy the necessary files to the hard drive and reboot.
Do not press any key to boot from CD when the message appears.
Setup will continue as if it were doing a clean install, but your
applications and settings will remain intact.

Blaster worm warning: Do not immediately activate over the internet
when asked, enable the XP firewall
[ http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=283673 ]
before connecting to the internet. You can activate after the
firewall is enabled. Control Panel – Network Connections. Right click
the connection you use, Properties, and there is a check box on the
Advanced [ http://michaelstevenstech.com/xpfirewall1.jpg ] page.

7. Reapply updates or service packs applied since initial Windows XP
installation. Please note that a Repair Install from the Original
install XP CD will remove SP1/SP2 and service packs will need to be
reapplied.
Service Pack 2

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=049C9DBE-3B8E-

4F30-8245-9E368D3CDB5A&displaylang=en
An option I highly recommend is creating a Slipstreamed XP CD with SP2.
Slipstreaming Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (SP2)

http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/windowsxp_sp2_slipstream.asp

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + “web address” = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don’t forget about the “Right-click” key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you’ve opened up any program.

Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds…….. Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN……. Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK……. Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT……. five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK…… for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

explorer shortcuts

END……. Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME……. Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK……. on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW…… Collapse current selection if it’s expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW……. Display current selection if it’s collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog

internetbrowser

type in u’re adress “google”, then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it

For Windows XP:

Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name
Carry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.

Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:

To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE

If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:

Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

accessibility keyboard shortcuts:

Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:

Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it’s expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it’s collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW

2.) If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance.

3.) Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you’re not sure, here’s how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it’s important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives.

4.) Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a “searchable keyword index.” As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system.

The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP’s built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for.

Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you’re a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it.

Here’s how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck “Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching.” Next, apply changes to “C: subfolders and files,” and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as “Access is denied”), click the Ignore All button.

5.) Update the PC’s video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site.

6.) Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can “prefetch” portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That’s fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete.

7.) Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here’s how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button — it’s just to the right of the Capacity pie graph — and delete all temporary files.

8.) In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to “DMA if available” for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel.

9.) Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support “cable select,” the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear.

10.) Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page.

11.) Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here’s how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don’t want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine.

12.) Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel.

13.) Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here’s how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer — only its responsiveness.

14.) If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP.

15.) Visit Microsoft’s Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion.

16.) Update the customer’s anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability.

17.) Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts — that is, anything over 500 — will noticeably tax the system.

18.) Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP’s NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called “D drive.” You’ll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won’t be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won’t need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data.

19.) Check the system’s RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC’s memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced.

20.) If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer’s Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you’ll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it’s free.

21.) Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations.

22.) If you’re sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to “Launch folder windows in a separate process,” and enable this option. You’ll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect.

23.) At least once a year, open the computer’s cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you’re in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site.

Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers’ computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive.

Ada cara yang lebih praktis untuk mengatasi masalah Multi ID ini, yaitu dengan Multiple ID Yahoo Messenger. Dengan cara ini anda dapat melakukan chatting dengan beberapa atau bahkan puluhan ID sekaligus dalam satu komputer. Untuk dapat menikmati fasilitas ini, syarat adalah dengan menggunakan Yahoo Messenger versi 8.0 ke atas. Setelah Yahoo Messenger terinsstal di komputer anda, selanjutnya :

Buka registry editor dengan mengklik Start > Run > kemudian ketik regedit kemudian klok OK atau langsung tekan ENTER. Setelah itu klik HKey_Current_User > Software >Yahoo> Pager >Test >

Setelah itu, masih pada registry editor klik refresh pada menu view. Sekarang Anda dapat mencoba login

satu persatu dengan ID Yahoo Messenger anda, selamat mencoba.

Menginstal Windows XP di NoteBook HP Compaq tidak semudah yang kita kira. Mengapa hal ini bisa terjadi? Inilah marketing kotor dari Microsoft untuk menjual produknya.Produsen HP/Compaq merekomendasikan para penggunanya menggunakan OS Windows Vista pada produk terbaru mereka. Alhasil kita dipaksa untuk menggunakan Vista secara total. Situs dari HP sendiri tidak merilis driver yang compatible buat XP. Ketika kita telp customer service maka akan dijawab bahwa HP tidak menyediakan driver untuk XP.

Tetapi jangan menyerah dahulu, HP tidak memproduksi semua hardwarenya sendiri jadi kita tetap bisa menginstal driver dengan beberapa cara.

Berikut tips yang disarikan dari pengalaman pribadi, beberapa sumber di internet dan buku:

1. Pra Instalasi

Notebook Compaq hanya dibekali free dos, dos yang manis dengan partisi C 5GB yang akan tidak berguna bagi apapun OS. Jadi hapuslah partisi yang kecil itu dan ubahlah menjadi minimum 40 atau 50 GB. Compaq memiliki SATA hard drive, tetapi Windows XP installer tidak memiliki driver SATA. Jadi ketika anda menginstal akan keluar pop up “No drives/disk Found” dan akan terlihat blue screen. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah masuk ke BIOS dan set SATA konfigurasi ke “Legacy” dan lanjutkan dengan proses instalasi.

1. Post Instalasi – install drivers

Perjuangan anda yang pertama telah berhasil. Tapi lanjutkan dengan perjuangan berikutnya.setelah instalasi masuklah ke device manager melalui run ketik devmgmt.msc dan lihatlah banyak sekali device yang diberi tanda Tanya warna kuning. Hm ini tipikal dari HP tidak disupport driver. Berikut ini langkah demi langkah instalasi driver:

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (VGA) Driver:

http://downloadmirror.intel.com/15766/a08/winxp_14331.exe

Intel Chipset Installation Utility for ICH8:

http://downloadmirror.intel.com/13499/a08/infinst_autol.exe

Instal Chipset ini, anda bisa download dari intel website. Instal juga yang kedua dengan title “INF Update Utility – Primarily for Intel® 3, 900 Series Chipsets (2347KB)”

Untuk pointing di mouse pad gunakan driver ALPS Touchpad Pointing Device Driver:

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp31001-31500/sp31075.exe

Silahkan download dan di install driver tersebut.

Nah yang tak kalah penting adalah Launch button yang merupakan interface dari HP>>

HP Quick Launch Buttons Driver:

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp38001-38500/sp38171.exe

Di beberapa tipe Compaq digunakan LAN yang cocok dengan driver keluaran realtek, jadi disini saya menggunakan driver >>>

Realtek RTL8100CL LAN Driver:

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp30501-31000/sp30580.exe

Sedangkan untuk Wifi silahkan download dan install WLAN dari Atheroz:

http://www.atheros.cz/download.php?atheros=AR5006EG&system=1

Hm sampailah driver untuk driver webcam; bisa gunakan software YOUCAM (tinggal goggling aja) atau driver berikut ini:

HP Webcam Software Drivers:

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp35001-35500/sp35414.exe

3. Install Audio yang ribet (Baca dengan seksama kalau tidak, audio tidak akan berfungsi)

Urutan berikut ini tidak boleh terbalik ya…..

Pertama download dan install Microsoft Universal Audio Architecture (UAA) Bus Driver for High Definition Audio (sp32646):

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32646.exe

Conexant CX20549-12 Audio Driver for Microsoft Windows XP (sp36090.exe) (UAA Driver needed)

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp36001-36500/sp36090.exe

Ini akan membuat sebuah folder swsetup di C drive (“C:\sp36090″)

Ketika menginstal driver ini akan muncul pesan error. Biarkan saja karena yang kita butuhkan adalah manual instalasi. Berikut instalasi manualnya:

1. klik Start dan pilih Run. Ketik devmgmt.msc dan tekan enter.

2. Klik kanan pada “Audio device on High Definition Audio Bus” dan klik Update driver.

3. Pilih “Install from a list or specific location”

4. Klik Next. Kemudian pilih “Don’t search, I will choose the driver to install”

5. Klik Next dan pilih “Sound, video and game controller” dari daftar list.

6. Klik Next kemudian klik Have Disk.

7. Klik Browse C:\sp36090 folder dan pilih .inf file (CpV30D5a) klik open dan ikuti petunjuk selanjutnya.
Conexant CX20548 Modem Driver for Microsoft Windows XP (sp36089.exe) (UAA Driver needed)

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp36001-36500/sp36089.exe

Download dan install Conexant modem driver (sp36089). Akan ada pesan error a folder C:\swsetup\sp36089 which contains extracted driver files.

The same method which is used for installing audio driver needs to be followed for modem.

Hope this help.

Ketika susah buang air besar:

Dulcolax sup untuk anak dengan bentuk peluru digunakan melalui anus

Pemakaian 1×24 jam jangan lebih.

Setelah dibuka maksimal 5 menit sudah harus masuk ke anus, sakit memang tetapi hal ini jalan terakhir jika anak susah BAB lebih dari 3 hari.

Jika usia anak 6 tahun ke atas berikan Laxadine emulsi dengan takaran 2,5 ml

Catatan:

Ini berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi, jika ragu hubungi dokter keluarga

Cara tradisional:

Makan papaya siang dan sore dengan takaran untuk anak usia 2 tahun.

Buat minuman atau jamu dengan resep sebagai berikut:

Labu panjang atau ku-ku (dalam bahasa sunda) dipotong menjadi 4 bagian untuk 4 kali pemakaian atau 4 hari.

Caranya labu diparut, kemudian diperas ambil sarinya. Tim sari tersebut selama kurang lebih 30 menit. Tiriskan atau dinginkan dan dicampurkan gula batu secukupnya. Berikan kepada Batita anda satu kali sehari. (dapat juga digunakan untuk sariawan).

Panas atau demam:

Untuk kasus setelah vaksinasi gunakan sanmol atau panadol drop dengan takaran sesuai dengan usia anak.

Jika anak usia 2 tahun mengalami nyeri gunakan Rhelafen untuk mengurangi demam, tapi ingat perhatikan aturan pakainya.

Cara tradisional:

Gunakan kompres dengan suhu hangat kuku, patut diwaspadai jika panas anak tidak merata. Jika hal ini terjadi berikan selimut pada bagian anak yang terasa dingin. Ini dilakukan untuk mencegah anak dari serangan kejang.

Parut bawang merah, kemudian dicampur dengan minyak telon. Balurkan ke seluruh tubuh anak. Bawang merah yang digunakan cukup satu siung, jangan terlalu banyak… akibatnya terlalu panas.

Batuk/pilek

Gunakan Triaminic untuk mengurangi derita sakit batuk berdahak dengan dosis 2,5 ml per 8 jam.

Jika sampai 5 hari masih berlanjut segera ke dokter anak.

Cara tradisional

Gunakan jeruk nipis dan kecap setengah sendok teh untuk mengatasi batuk yang terus menerus. Berikan resep ini dengan selang paling cepat 4 jam.

Sakit perut/diare

Pada kasus anak saya langsung dibawa ke dokter anak dan diberikan antibiotic. Saya lupa nama antibiotic ini. Dan diberikan minuman pengganti cairan tubuh namanya renalyte.

Jika terjadi karena bakteri maka dokter akan memberikan antibiotic, tapi jika karena virus dokter akan memberikan terapi yang lainnya. Jika mencret berlebihan maka perlu analisa feces di Lab (jangan lupa untuk menanyakan hasilnya ini penting, jika tidak salah obat lho)

Cara tradisional

Parut kunyit se ibu jari. Kemudian peras, campur dengan daun jambu biji yang muda 1 buah. Peras dan berikan ke anak dengan dicampur madu dan garam sedikit.

Tipus

Untuk mengantisipasi biasnya

The Republic of Indonesia is a vast country. To carry out administrative duties of the country, Indonesia has an administrative system. The Indonesian Government administration is aimed at the improvement and development of its country.

The Republic of Indonesia is divided into 33 provinces, many districts or regencies (kabupaten), municipalities (kota), sub-districts (kecamatan). Three out of the 33 provinces are special territorries, namely those of the Capital City of Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Nanggro Aceh Darussalam. A province is headed by a governor, a kabupaten (district) by a regent (bupati), a municipality by a mayor (walikota), and a sub-district by an assistant regent (camat).

Indonesian villages are categorised into two types of villages, namely villages in the rural areas called “desas” and villages within urban areas which are called “kelurahans”. The head of a desa is elected by the village community, whereas the head of a “kelurahan” is civil servant who is appointed by the head of a district on behalf of the governor.

Finally, there are two levels of neighbourhood community: the Community Association and the Neighbourhood Associations. These cover groups of families and assist the work of the Lurah.

The Development of Indonesia’s Administrative System.

In early years after Indonesia’s Independence, the Republic of Indonesia consisted of 8 provinces. They are: Sumatra, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Sunda Kecil (Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara), Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku.

There has been changes in the number of provinces in Indonesia. In 1967, Timor Timur was united to Indonesia. Before that, it was an area under the government of Portuguese. Timor Timur became the 27^th province in Indonesia in 1967.

However, in 1999, Timor Timur separated itself from Indonesia and became an independent country with a new name, Timor Leste.

The number of provinces in Indonesia has changed many times. Indonesia has gone through many times with the increasing and decreasing number of provinces. Starting in 2004, Indonesia has 33 provinces.

Answer the questions.

1. Why does Indonesia has an administrative system?

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1. Why is there the changing of the number of provinces in Indonesia ?

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1. What do you think about the development of provinces in Indonesia in the future?

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By looking at the map of Indonesia, identify the 33 provinces of Indonesia.

Make a chart of Indonesian administrative system.

Administrative system Leader

Make a time line of Indonesian Administrative system. You may refer the information in the textbook.